scholar bonanza :: Something smarter than us is going to emerge


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fórum odborných textov
- odkazy na dostupné články, ktoré podľa vás môžu zaujať, pobaviť, obohatiť. z akejkoľvek vednej/tematickej oblasti.

príspevok by mal mať názov, link a abstrakt/úryvok (autor, rok vydania, vydavateľ,.. tiež potešia)

zdroje:
Directory of open access journals
CiteULike - bookmarkovanie odborných článkov
theses.cz - české vysokoškolské kvalifikačné práce
han sav - vzdialený prístup do databáz SAVky
ticTOCs - služba na agregovanie obsahov odborných časopisov

spríbuznené fórum: humanities search

00000101007920110318558205035535

K tomuto aj kontext:
Masha Allen was adopted in 1998 at the age of 5 from Novoshakhtinsk, Rostov, Russia into the US by a single male pedophile, Matthew Mancuso. Masha was sexually abused for five years and also became the subject of child pornography. In 2006 she testified before the House Energy and Commerce Committy. In 2008 the news broke that abuse supposedly had again taken place by Faith Allen/Lynn Ginn, the woman who had adopted her immediately after Masha's "rescue" from Mancuso.

Khan, Ummni. Having Your Porn and Condemning it Too: A Case Study of a "Kiddie Porn" Expose. In Law, Culture and the Humanities, Vol. 5, No. 3 (2009).

In 2005, the Toronto Police Department’s Sex Crime Unit embarked upon the unprecedented move to go public with forensic evidence related to an on-going child pornography investigation. This strategy provided the public with exceptional glimpses into the taboo arena of child pornography. In this article, I trace the media coverage of this investigation to highlight the rhetorical and aesthetic components that, I posit, are related to a pedophilic logic. My goal is to reveal the latent but omnipresent desire encoded in the media narratives to imagine children and childhood in sexualized contexts.
In particular, my analysis maps the literary and photographic aspects of the coverage to highlight the “performative contradiction” of the texts; though the media articulated a one-dimensional story of outrage and condemnation, the rhetorical and pictorial aspects of the story produced meanings that undermined the purported censure of child sexualization.

Citáty:
(p. 391-392) Vlastne kvôli tomuto pekne artikulovanému citátu to sem dávam
That the media makes news, and does not merely relate facts, has been widely posited among media and criminology experts. Newsmakers are not purely fact-finders disseminating the “truth” to the public, but are implicated in for-profit business values and structures that influence, if not completely overdetermine, a hegemonic social construction of reality.

(p. 421)
After broadcasting Allen and Rachelle’s horrific accounts of child abuse, Winfrey brings Zaglifa on stage to discuss his investigation of Mancuso. She culminates this interview with the question, “Now what have you learned, Mike, while tracking pedophiles online, that parents need to know?” His response is decisive, “the number one thing is no chat rooms.” He explains
that even if a chat room appears innocuous, there are always “predators” who will attempt to lure the child into some form of sexual dialogue.

Although this information might make sense if Winfrey had done a show where she interviewed children lured by strangers on the internet, in this context the information misdirects the focus of the recounted abuse. Consider who was behind the abuse that Allen and Rachelle suffered. Allen’s biological father abandoned her, her bio logical mother attempted to murder her and her adoptive father, Mancuso, sex ually abused her until he was arrested. Rachelle’s biological father, Mancuso, sexually abused her until she reached puberty. Mancuso was never charged with abusing anyone other than his biological and his adopted daughter. In every instance of abuse chronicled in the show, it was a parent who was the perpetrator. Yet, Winfrey rounds off her show by focussing on stranger danger.

(p. 393)
Ultimately, I end my analysis by arguing that the media coverage served not to protect children, but to protect adults from acknowledging the primary role that mainstream society, and in particular the institution of the family, play in making children vulnerable to child sexual abuse.

wikileaks

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Wilk, Richard. Bottled Water: The pure commodity in the age of branding. In Journal of Consumer Culture, Vol. 6, No. 3 (2006).

Bottled water has become a pervasive global business, and bottled water consumption continues to increase rapidly, particularly in countries where clean potable tap water is available at very low or no cost. This article discusses the ways the rich cultural meanings of water are used in marketing and branding, and the forms of consumer resistance that oppose bottled water as a commodity. The contrast between tap water and bottled water can be seen as a reflection of a contest for authority and public trust between governments and corporations, in a context of heightened anxieties about risk and health. The article concludes that bottled water is a case where sound cultural logic leads to environmentally destructive behavior.

Citáty:
(p. 305)
Today marketers recognize that goods have magical powers that have nothing to do with ‘needs’, and they have become magicians who transform mundane and abundant things into exotic valuables.

(p. 306)
‘Water Bars’ have opened in Paris and Tokyo, the major fashion cities, where people can line up and pay US$5 for a glass of exotic water served by a professional water sommelier (Tokyo Food Page, n.d.).

(p. 309)
Some have argued that nature has recently become a kind of ‘super commodity’, that provides a kind of connection between consumers and producers that has largely been lost in the confusion of industrial capitalism...
...
At the same time, while most consumers in rich countries may enjoy the thought of pure water flowing in a mountain stream, most would be terrified to actually drink it without some kind of purification.

(p. 310)
Evian and other waters with nature themes are romantic water, while the purified and manipulated commercial waters are safe and healthy because the nature has been stripped out of them – and in some cases improved and put back in, combined in a controlled and scientific way.

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A commodity appears, at first sight, a very trivial thing, and easily understood. Its analysis shows that it is, in reality, a very queer thing, abounding in metaphysical subtleties and theological niceties. :)

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Lundqvist, Lars-Olov et al. Emotional responses to music: experience, expression, and physiology. In Psychology of Music, Vol. 37 No. 1 (2009).

A crucial issue in research on music and emotion is whether music evokes genuine emotional responses in listeners (the emotivist position) or whether listeners merely perceive emotions expressed by the music (the cognitivist position). To investigate this issue, we measured self-reported emotion, facial muscle activity, and autonomic activity in 32 participants while they listened to popular music composed with either a happy or a sad emotional expression. Results revealed a coherent manifestation in the experiential, expressive, and physiological components of the emotional response system, which supports the emotivist position. Happy music generated more zygomatic facial muscle activity, greater skin conductance, lower finger temperature, more happiness and less sadness than sad music. The finding that the emotion induced in the listener was the same as the emotion expressed in the music is consistent with the notion that music may induce emotions through a process of emotional contagion.

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Goldhaber, Michael. "The value of openness in an attention economy" First Monday [Online], Volume 11 Number 6 (5 June 2006)

Virtually all forms of openness can be motivated by the scarcity of attention, the lynchpin of the Attention Economy. This term, which I introduced previously, is often misunderstood as simply a variant of the money economy. Instead it is an entirely new system, which, I continue to argue, is fast becoming the dominant economy on the Internet as well as in the world as a whole.

A theory of how we pay attention to other humans suggests why receiving it is both desirable and difficult. Humans can absorb as much attention as can be obtained, which differentiates it from other sorts of scarce goods. The theory also suggests a typology of openness, permitting an analysis of the different forms addressed in this Conference, along with others, both existing and potential. In this context, it seems reasonable to speculate on how attention–economic activity manifested through openness may help lead to further dominance of this type of economy. Groupings based on and espousing openness eventually may come increasingly to replace profit–making firms and even non–profit institutions such as universities, while making the pursuit of money largely irrelevant.

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Driscoll, Kevin, and Joshua Diaz. 2009. Endless loop: A brief history of chiptunes. Transformative Works and Cultures, no. 2.

[0.1] Abstract—Chiptune refers to a collection of related music production and performance practices sharing a history with video game soundtracks. The evolution of early chiptune music tells an alternate narrative about the hardware, software, and social practices of personal computing in the 1980s and 1990s. By digging into the interviews, text files, and dispersed ephemera that have made their way to the Web, we identify some of the common folk-historical threads among the commercial, noncommercial, and ambiguously commercial producers of chiptunes with an eye toward the present-day confusion surrounding the term chiptune. Using the language of affordances and constraints, we hope to avoid a technocratic view of the inventive and creative but nevertheless highly technical process of creating music on computer game hardware.

[0.2] Keywords—Adaptation; BBS; Cracking; Demo scene; DJ; Game Boy; Gaming; Hacking; Music; Participatory culture; Personal computing; Piracy; Programming; Rave; Remix; Sampling; Sound synthesis; Subculture; Teenagers; Tracking; Video game; VJ; Youth

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Willett, Susan (2005) New Barbarians at the Gate: Losing the Liberal Peace in Africa. Review of African Political Economy 32 (106) pp.569-594

Abstract: Within contemporary liberal peace discourse, poverty and underdevelopment
are being constructed as ‘new threats’ that feed conflict and terrorism. This
perception has encouraged a growing convergence between the security and
development policies of the major donors. However, in Africa, where the need
to simultaneously tackle conflict and underdevelopment is most pressing, the
global institutions have failed to acknowledge that the neo-liberal policies that
they pursue have been instrumental in structuring the domestic political and
economic tensions that have contributed to violent conflict. Moreover, the
current preoccupation with the war on terror has encouraged the co-option
of development resources for security functions resulting in the incremental
securitisation of development policies. Regardless of its expanding base and
the process of mission creep, the liberal peace complex has failed to secure
sustainable peace in Africa. Into the vacuum created by failure, the ‘new
barbarian’ agenda that underpins the ‘war on terror’ has surreptitiously
moved, expanding its reach and its wake of pillage and destruction.

Susan Willett, formerly Director of the Cost of Disarmament Programme at the
United Nations Institute of Disarmament Research is currently an independent
development and security analyst; e-mail: swillett@easynet.co.uk.

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rad by som upozornil na diplomovu pracu s nazvom:

ZMENY IDEÁLOV V PUNKOVEJ SCÉNE VO SVETE A NA SLOVENSKU

autorom je Tomas Bulanek, clovek, ktory sa pohybuje uz nejaky ten cas v bratislavskej punkovej scene. z popisu prace vyberam:

"Práca prináša prehľad ideálov spojených s punkovým hnutím na pozadí jeho
vývinu od sedemdesiatych rokov minulého storočia po dnešok. Osvetľuje dianie na
punkovej scéne vo svete a na Slovensku na základe zmien ideálov, ideológii a
radikalizmu pri ich obraňovaní. Snaží sa zodpovedať otázku ohľadom oslabenia
radikalizmu v politickej punkovej scéne v Bratislave a sleduje a komentuje zmeny,
ktoré tu nastali za posledných pätnásť rokov. Hľadá dôvody momentálnej apolitickosti
v punkovej subkultúre, nečinnosti mladej generácie a odchodu starej generácie."

Kľúčové slová: punk, hardcore, crust, ideál, aktivizmus, subkultúra,
politickosť, radikalizmus, squat, underground, ideológia

Osobitne by som odporucil prilohu k praci, ktora obsahuje rozhovory s 8 respondentami - ludmi, ktori boli svojho casu znami a aktivni v bratislavskej punkovej scene. niektorych urcite budu poznat aj mnohi ludia z tohto fora.

vdaka svojmu zameraniu na politicku/aktivisticku cast bratislavskej punkovej sceny a vdaka autentickymi vypovediam ludi, ktori boli jej sucastou ma praca jedinecnu dokumentacnu hodnotu a vypoveda vela o jednom obdobi v punku na Slovensku, resp. v Bratislave.

Autor prace nie je na kyberii, ale s jeho suhlasom ponukam moznost stiahnut si obidve casti prace:

I. Teoreticka cast: http://argolla.net/various/diplomovapracaI.pdf

II. Priloha (rozhovory s respondentami): http://argolla.net/various/diplomovapracaII-priloha.pdf

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mierne bizarné IMHO...

Nadasdy, Paul. 2007. The gift in the animal: the ontology of hunting and human-animal sociality. American Ethnologist 34(1): 25–43.

Abstract:
Many hunting peoples conceive of hunting as a process of reciprocal exchange between hunters and other-than-human persons, and anthropologists have tended to view such accounts as purely symbolic or metaphorical. To the extent that our theories deny the validity of northern hunters’conceptions of animals and the ontological assumptions on which they are based, however, we legitimize agents of the state when they dismiss the possibility that aboriginal knowledge and practices might serve as the factual basis for making wildlife management policy. In this article, I argue that our refusal to consider aboriginal accounts of hunting as perhaps literally as well as metaphorically valid has both contributed to the marginalization of aboriginal peoples and foreclosed important avenues of inquiry into hunting societies and the nature of human–animal relations. I focus on human–animal relations as a form of reciprocal exchange and argue that the development of a theoretical framework that can accommodate northern hunters’ ontological assumptions is warranted theoretically as well as politically.

[hunting, human–animal relations, reciprocity, traditional/indigenous knowledge, ontology, radical participation, Subarctic, Yukon]

00000101007920110318558204563629

tento prefláknutý, takmer mýtický príklad Actor Network Theory som si vždy túžil prečítať, konečne sa k tomu snáď dostanem...

Michel Callon: Some elements of a sociology of translation: domestication of the scallops and the fishermen of St Brieuc Bay

First published in J. Law, Power, action and belief: a new sociology of knowledge? London, Routledge, 1986, pp.196-223.

Abstract: This paper outlines a new approach to the study of power, that of the sociology of translation. Starting from three principles, those of agnosticism (impartiality between actors engaged in controversy), generalised symmetry (the commitment to explain conflicting viewpoints in the same terms) and free association (the abandonment of all a priori distinctions between the natural and the social), the paper describes a scientific and economic controversy about the causes for the decline in the population of scallops in St. Brieuc Bay and the attempts by three marine biologists to develop a conservation strategy for that population. Four ‘moments’ of translation are discerned in the attempts by these researchers to impose themselves and their definition of the situation on others: (a) problematisation: the researchers sought to become indispensable to other actors in the drama by defining the nature and the problems of the latter and then suggesting that these would be resolved if the actors negotiated the ‘obligatory passage point’ of the researchers’ programme of investigation; (b) interessement: a series of processes by which the researchers sought to lock the other actors into the roles that had been proposed for them in that programme; (c) enrolment: a set of strategies in which the researchers sought to define and interrelate the various roles they had allocated to others; (d) mobilisation: a set of methods used by the researchers to ensure that supposed spokesmen for various relevant collectivities were properly able to represent those collectivities and not betrayed by the latter. In conclusion it is noted that translation is a process, never a completed accomplishment, and it may (as in the empirical case considered) fail.

scallops%20RAW.jpg

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Nick Bostrom - Are You Living In a Computer Simulation?
Philosophical Quarterly, 2003, Vol. 53, No. 211, pp. 243-255

This paper argues that at least one of the following propositions is true: (1) the human species is very likely to go extinct before reaching a “posthuman” stage; (2) any posthuman civilization is extremely unlikely to run a significant number of simulations of their evolutionary history (or variations thereof); (3) we are almost certainly living in a computer simulation. It follows that the belief that there is a significant chance that we will one day become posthumans who run ancestor-simulations is false, unless we are currently living in a simulation. A number of other consequences of this result are also discussed.

html
pdf

+ http://www.simulation-argument.com/
On this website you can peruse the debate that followed the paper presenting the Simulation argument. The original paper is here, as are popular synopses, scholarly papers commenting on the first paper, and a couple of replies to these comments.

00000101007920110318558204433024

The Unreasonable Effectiveness of Mathematics in the Natural Sciences

The preceding two stories illustrate the two main points which are the subjects of the present discourse. The first point is that mathematical concepts turn up in entirely unexpected connections. Moreover, they often permit an unexpectedly close and accurate description of the phenomena in these connections. Secondly, just because of this circumstance, and because we do not understand the reasons of their usefulness, we cannot know whether a theory formulated in terms of mathematical concepts is uniquely appropriate. We are in a position similar to that of a man who was provided with a bunch of keys and who, having to open several doors in succession, always hit on the right key on the first or second trial. He became skeptical concerning the uniqueness of the coordination between keys and doors.

I can\'t explain myself
because I\'m not myself you see
I got lost in someone else...

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The evolution of social and moral behavior: Evolutionary insights for public policy
Mikko Manner, John Gowdy, Ecological Economics, 2008

This paper explores the evolution of humans as social beings and the implications of this for economic theory and policy. A major flaw inWalrasian economics is the assumption of “selfregarding” agents—economic actors make decisions independently of social context and without regard to the behavior of other consumers and firms. Truly other-regarding behavior, such as altruism and altruistic punishment, cannot be fully captured in the standard economic model. Standard economic assumptions about human behavior make pure altruism an irrational “anomaly” that cannot survive the evolutionary selection process. However, recent findings from neuroscience, behavioral economics evolutionary game theory and animal behavior have paved the way for a realistic, science-based, and policy-relevant foundation for economic theory. Other-regarding emotions such as altruism, love, and envy are an essential part of the human experience. We use the Price equation, showing the feasibility of the evolution of group selection of altruistic preferences, to explore someof the implications of this phenomenon for economic theory andpolicy. We explore evidence that the human capacity for empathy evolved from primates and suggest that this was the precursor for human morality. We suggest that if we drop the assumption that fitness is equated with the consumption of market goods, pure altruismis no longer fitness reducing, particularly in western societies.We also examine individual preferences for altruismin terms of their effect on well being.

00000101007920110318558204375689

Humor as a Mental Fitness Indicator

Daniel P. Howrigan, Psychology Department, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA. Email:
howrigan@colorado.edu (Corresponding author)
Kevin B. MacDonald, Psychology Department, California State University at Long Beach, Long Beach, CA
USA.

Abstract: To explain the pervasive role of humor in human social interaction and among
mating partner preferences, Miller (2000a) proposed that intentional humor evolved as an
indicator of intelligence. To test this, we looked at the relationships among rater-judged
humor, general intelligence, and the Big Five personality traits in a sample of 185 collegeage
students (115 women, 70 men). General intelligence positively predicted rater-judged
humor, independent of the Big Five personality traits. Extraversion also predicted raterjudged
humor, although to a lesser extent than general intelligence. General intelligence did
not interact with the sex of the participant in predicting rating scores on the humor
production tasks. The current study lends support to the prediction that effective humor
production acts as an honest indicator of intelligence in humans. In addition, extraversion,
and to a lesser extent, openness, may reflect motivational traits that encourage humor
production.

Keywords: Humor, intelligence, sexual selection, individual differences.

00000101007920110318558204349383

Mbembe, A (1992) “The banality of power and the aesthetics of vulgarity in the postcolony”, in A. Sharma and A. Gupta (ed.). 2006. The Anthropology of the State: A reader, Blackwell, pp. 381-400.

ak vás bavilo čítať Bachtina, toto budete milovať... malá ukážka autorovho mimoriadne "evokatívneho" štýlu:
Ultimately, the obsession with orifices and genital organs came to dominate Togolese popular laughter. But the same is also to be found in writings and speech in other Sub-Saharan countries. For example, the Congolese author, Sony Labou Tansi, repeatedly describes the "strong, delivering, thick thighs" and "the essential and bewitching ass" of girls not only in the context of his reflections on "the tropicalities of his Excellency" and on the ability of the latter to bring about a "digital orgasm," but also in his insistence on the irony involved in the momentary impotence of the autocrat's "natural member". (...)

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Charles T. Clotfelter, Helen F. Ladd and Jacob L. Vigdor - Scaling the Digital Divide: Home Computer Technology and Student Achievement

Does differential access to computer technology at home compound the educational disparities
between rich and poor? Would a program of government provision of computers to secondary
students reduce these disparities? We use administrative data on North Carolina public school
students to corroborate earlier surveys which document broad racial and socioeconomic gaps in
home computer access and use. Using within-student variation in home computer access, and
across-ZIP code variation in the timing of the introduction of high-speed internet service, we also
demonstrate that the introduction of home computer technology is associated with modest but
statistically significant and persistent negative impacts on student math and reading test scores.
Further evidence suggests that providing universal access to home computers and high-speed
internet access would broaden, rather than narrow, math and reading achievement gaps.

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Eichenberg, Christiane. Internet Message Boards for Suicidal People : A Typology of Users [pdf]. In CyberPsychology & Behavior. February 2008, 11(1): 107-113.

Clinical psychological discourse contains a varied array of evaluations of the risks and/or benefits of Internet message boards where people can discuss their suicidal thoughts. Public opinion contends they are harmful. To assess this assumption, an online questionnaire (N = 164) survey was conducted on a German message board for suicidal people. Three user types were identified with differing motives for visiting the forum and different usage effects of the message board. The results contradict the assumptions that suicide message boards are generally a source of potential harm and that they foster suicidal tendencies and point instead to their predominantly constructive or even suicide-preventive functions.

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hen, čo som ulovil
http://www.discoursenotebook.com/

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zbierka odbornych blogov
http://www.academicblogs.org/

00000101007920110318558204039841

Warde, Alan - Martens, Lydia - Olsen, Wendy. 1999 - Consumption and the problem of variety: cultural omnivorousness, social distinction and dining out. In: Sociology: Vol. 33: No. 1: 105-12.

Abstract: In the light of the work of Pierre Bourdieu, this paper begins by reviewing
an argument that Western populations no longer recognise any fixed cultural
hierarchy and that, instead, individuals seek knowledge of an increasingly wide
variety of aesthetically equivalent cultural genres. Contrasting versions of this
argument are isolated. Data concerning the frequency of use of different commercial
sources of meals and the social characteristics of customers using different types
of restaurant in England are examined. An attempt is made to infer the social and
symbolic significance of variety of experience and, in particular, of familiarity with
diverse ethnic cuisines. The findings are interpreted in terms of the complex role of
consumption in personal assurance, communicative competence and social distinction.
It is maintained that the pursuit of variety of consumer experience is a
feature of particular social groups and that some specific component practices
express social distinction.

Key words: Bourdieu, consumption, cultural capital, cultural omnivores, dining out,
distinction.

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Cross, Ian - Is music the most important thing we ever did ? Music, development and evolution
(In Music, Mind and Science, 1999, Ed. Suk Won Yi, Seoul: Seoul National University Press, snubook@plaza.snu.ac.kr)

According to Steve Pinker (1997) "As far as biological cause and effect is concerned, music is useless". In fact, as Steven Feld notes (Feld, 1982), music can be downright dangerous; in the Kaluli longhouse ceremonies that he describes, music could result in severe burns for the performers, inflicted by listeners as punishment for having been moved to tears by the music. And yet, to move the listeners to tears was precisely the intent of the performers. Why did they do it? More generally, why do we do it? For music appears to be humanly universal - according to Blacking (1995) all human societies of which we have knowledge appear to have music - yet the practice of music, even if not as physically hazardous as it can be amongst the Kaluli appears on the surface to offer no benefits to our continued survival. But we started doing it and we continue to do it. From an evolutionary perspective the question must be: "Why?".

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nikomu to pred obhajobou nevravte, ale mám pocit, že to čo malo byť hlavnou témou som len tak veľmi zľahka naskicoval v tretej kapitole a viac som sa bavil históriou autorstva :) toto je verzia bez obálky, titulný list vraj má byť taký chaotický a plný všemoźných informácií .)

Chudý, Andrej. Vplyv elektronickej komunikácie na súčasné zmeny v chápaní a zmysle autorstva [Diplomová práca]. Univerzita Komenského v Bratislave. Filozofická fakulta; Katedra knižničnej a informačnej vedy. Školiteľ: PhDr. Pavol Rankov, PhD. Bratislava: FiF UK, 2008.

Práca načrtáva spoločenské zmeny, ktoré vedú od hierarchických usporiadaní k sieťovým a rozberá akým spôsobom v tomto prostredí umožňuje elektronická komunikácia remediáciu tradičných médií.
Predstavuje chronológiu koncepcií autorstva v západnej kultúre od antiky po súčasnosť. Bližšie skúma význam Múz v antike i stredoveku, anonymitu stredovekých autorov, vzťah orálneho a písaného. Prechádza od vplyvu kníhtlače k vznikajúcej autorskej profesii a súvisiacej koncepcii romantického autora (autor ako génius). Nahliada na literárne a filozofické chápania autorstva v 20. storočí a všíma si aspekty elektronickej kultúry vplývajúce na autorstvo, písanie v hypertextoch. Venuje sa tiež histórii autorského práva a popisuje iniciatívu Creative Commons ako alternatívu k tradičnému autorskému právu.
Analyzuje akú povahu nadobúda autorstvo v prostredí spoločenských médií (blogy, wiki, spoločenské siete) a ukazuje aspekty distribučných modelov, ktoré si potrebuje autor v elektronickom prostredí osvojiť.

+ @diplomovka.sme.sk

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na 47 strane mas v stvrtom riadku zhora na konci "m" navyse ;)

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Solove, Daniel J. 'I've Got Nothing to Hide' and Other Misunderstandings of Privacy [html/pdf]. In San Diego Law Review, Vol. 44, p. 745, 2007.

In this short essay, written for a symposium in the San Diego Law Review, Professor Daniel Solove examines the nothing to hide argument. When asked about government surveillance and data mining, many people respond by declaring: "I've got nothing to hide." According to the nothing to hide argument, there is no threat to privacy unless the government uncovers unlawful activity, in which case a person has no legitimate justification to claim that it remain private. The nothing to hide argument and its variants are quite prevalent, and thus are worth addressing. In this essay, Solove critiques the nothing to hide argument and exposes its faulty underpinnings.

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The Semiotics of Music Videos: It Must Be Written in the Stars

Author: Heidi Peeters
Published: May 2004

Abstract (E): This article builds a semiotic framework for the understanding of popular music videos, arguing that the key to such understanding is the figure of the star. Far from being chaotic visualizations of a song, music videos turn out to be tight constructions, featuring the star as narrator, character and ultimately as the central instigator of a universe that is utopian in nature and poetic in structure.

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Sørensen, Anders: 2003 - Backpacker Ethnography. In: Annals of Tourism Research, Vol. 30, No. 4, pp. 847–867.

Abstract: This paper presents an ethnographic study of the travel culture of international backpackers. Their sociodemographic characteristics are described, the contours of a concept of tourism culture are delineated, and on that basis, that of backpackers is outlined, with particular focus on the key phenomenon of road status. The analysis of backpacker tourism as a culture furthers the comprehension of change within the phenomenon. Examples of factors of change include the guidebooks, the short-term backpackers, and in particular the internet. This study demonstrates the merit of a dynamic concept of culture
where culture takes place whenever activated by social circumstances.

Keywords: backpackers, budget travelers, travel culture, concepts of culture, ethnography.

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Shaw, Hillary J. Resisting the Hallucination of the Hypermarket [html]. In International Journal of Baudrillard Studies, vol. 5, number 1 (january 2008).

The twentieth century has witnessed a fundamental change in the spatial organisation of retailing. Beginning in America (1916), spreading to Europe from the 1960s, and then to almost every other part of the world, consumers began increasingly to patronise out-of-town supermarkets and malls abandoning local shops and the city-centre. These malls, termed “drugstores” by Baudrillard, seduced shoppers through the wide choice of goods they offered, through offering a safe, comfortable, controlled, and predictable environment, and through intense advertising. This comprised advertising of both the goods within the mall and of the mall itself:

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George, Carlisle - Scerri, Jackie. Web 2.0 and User-Generated Content: legal challenges in the new frontier [html]. In JILT, vol. 12, issue 2.

The advent of Web 2.0 has enabled a host of new services and possibilities on the Internet. Among many new possibilities, users can easily upload online content that can be accessed, viewed and downloaded by other users around the globe. This has resulted in an explosive growth of User-Generated Content (UGC) which although creating exciting opportunities for users, presents many challenges, especially related to law and regulation. This paper discusses Web 2.0, UGC and the legal /regulatory challenges that have arisen in this new ‘frontier’ characterised by having a liberating democratic ethos (on one hand) but also sometimes tainted with illegal activity and disregard for accepted norms. Citing various researched case studies and legal cases, the paper highlights possible ‘dangers’ where traditional legal rules may be inadequate to address certain types of online activity, and discusses many of the legal challenges which this new frontier brings. These challenges are widespread and relate to intellectual property, liability, defamation, pornography, hate speech, privacy, confidentiality and jurisdiction among others. The paper also discusses the role of intermediaries (web hosts and service providers) and whether they can aid in effectively policing the new Web 2.0 frontier. Finally the paper attempts to discuss possible solutions for the way forward.

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Kolivoško, Štefan. Vražední bibliomani [pdf]. In Knižnica, roč. 7, č. 8 (2006), s. 25-29.

Kultúra vychádzajúca z európskeho prostredia hodnotí knihu jednoznačne pozitívne. Takéto kvalifikovanie sem akosi automaticky zahŕňa aj majiteľov a čitateľov kníh. Ešte viac sa to znásobuje u knihovníkov cez prizmu ich povolania a citovú zaangažovanosť, lebo knihovníci sú zvyčajne vášnivými čitateľmi. Teda knihovníci len veľmi ťažko pripúšťajú negatívnu úlohu knihy, respektíve ich majiteľov v živote spoločnosti. Robia to napriek tomu, že sami mali možnosť nie raz sa poučiť na vlastnej negatívnej skúsenosti. Spoločenská skúsenosť je však omnoho širšia. Knihy sa mnohokrát stali prostriedkom na šírenie antihumáných myšlienok, ktoré priviedli spoločnosť na pokraj skazy. Ďalším problémom je časť čitateľov, zberateľov a vlastníkov kníh, ktorá sa vymyká z bežného priemeru. Ich skutočné konanie prekračuje hranice morálky, právnych noriem a dostáva sa do polohy kriminálnych činov.

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Schroeder, Fred E. H. Say Cheese! : The Revolution in the Aesthetics of Smiles [pdf]. In The Journal of Popular Culture, Vol. 32, No. 2. (1998), pp. 103-145.

Have people always smiled? In a way, this relates to the question of whether animals smile.’ Cat lovers often ascribe the upward turn of cat’s mouths to smiles, but this is clearly fallacious, as the only change in the muscles of cats’ mouths are in aggressive and defensive snarling and hissing. Dogs are different, because when dogs are happy, with their tongues hanging out, they appear to smile. Dogs (that is, family companions) really do seem to have a sense of humor, but let’s face it, the smiles are because they are perspiring, and they are perspiring because they are
joyfully playing. When their mouths are closed, owners equally project upon them “expressions” of thought, of melancholy, of gloom, of selfpity.

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Carrigan, Tim - Connell, Bob - Lee, John. 1985 - Toward a New Sociology of Masculinity (pdf). In: Theory and Society: Vol. 14: No. 5: 551-604.

(historicky kľúčová stať, ktorá podrobila ostrej kritike dovtedajší "sex role" výskum o maskulinite, vychádzajúci z funkcionalistickej teórie role, a namiesto toho zaviedla pojem "hegemonickej maskulinity")

contra

"Although offering a more nuanced interpretation of male dominance than patriarchy, hegemonic masculinity ultimately suffers from the same deficits, for it posits an intentionality behind heterosexual men's practices (a 'will to power' if you like) while suggesting women and gay men are somehow excluded from this otherwise innate desire to dominate and suppress. Even those men who would wish not to associate with hegemonic masculinity are somehow inevitably drawn into living their lives in a constant state of tension with this dominant form of masculine being. As can be seen, the circularity of patriarchy is not overcome, for the question remains as to how and why (some) heterosexual men 'legitimise, reproduce and generate their dominance' (Edley and Wetherall, 1995: 129), and do this in spite of being in a social minority vis-a-vis women and 'other' men. As will be argued bellow, to assume that such conditions are the product of ideological and structural dynamics is to marginalize or make invisible the subject. All that is seen is the structure, with some insights into (contested) patterns of behaviour. The individual is lost within, or, in Althusserian terms, subjected to, an ideological apparatus and an innate drive for power. In attempting to reconcile the inconsistencies between the deterministic model of (male) power on one hand, and the (changing) multiplicity of masculinity on the other, hegemonic masculinity has to resort to an understanding of the social as, ultimately, a contested arena. To be sure, both women and men are understood to be subjected to this process, and thus adversely affected, albeit in different ways (Connell, 1995). Consequently, it is overly simplistic to say that 'men are the winners'. Nevertheless, the theoretical language and assumptions that many scholars bring to the term hegemonic masculinity leave little room for ambiguity, the term being increasingly used as a blanket descriptor of male power (...)."

Whitehead, Stephen M. 2002 - Men and Masculinities. Cambridge/Malden: Polity Press: pp. 92-93.

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Kirby, Alan. The Death of Postmodernism And Beyond [html]. In Philosophy Now. Issue 58, November/December 2006.

Alan Kirby says postmodernism is dead and buried. In its place comes a new paradigm of authority and knowledge formed under the pressure of new technologies and contemporary social forces.