Carrigan, Tim - Connell, Bob - Lee, John. 1985 - Toward a New Sociology of Masculinity (pdf). In: Theory and Society: Vol. 14: No. 5: 551-604.

(historicky kľúčová stať, ktorá podrobila ostrej kritike dovtedajší "sex role" výskum o maskulinite, vychádzajúci z funkcionalistickej teórie role, a namiesto toho zaviedla pojem "hegemonickej maskulinity")

contra

"Although offering a more nuanced interpretation of male dominance than patriarchy, hegemonic masculinity ultimately suffers from the same deficits, for it posits an intentionality behind heterosexual men's practices (a 'will to power' if you like) while suggesting women and gay men are somehow excluded from this otherwise innate desire to dominate and suppress. Even those men who would wish not to associate with hegemonic masculinity are somehow inevitably drawn into living their lives in a constant state of tension with this dominant form of masculine being. As can be seen, the circularity of patriarchy is not overcome, for the question remains as to how and why (some) heterosexual men 'legitimise, reproduce and generate their dominance' (Edley and Wetherall, 1995: 129), and do this in spite of being in a social minority vis-a-vis women and 'other' men. As will be argued bellow, to assume that such conditions are the product of ideological and structural dynamics is to marginalize or make invisible the subject. All that is seen is the structure, with some insights into (contested) patterns of behaviour. The individual is lost within, or, in Althusserian terms, subjected to, an ideological apparatus and an innate drive for power. In attempting to reconcile the inconsistencies between the deterministic model of (male) power on one hand, and the (changing) multiplicity of masculinity on the other, hegemonic masculinity has to resort to an understanding of the social as, ultimately, a contested arena. To be sure, both women and men are understood to be subjected to this process, and thus adversely affected, albeit in different ways (Connell, 1995). Consequently, it is overly simplistic to say that 'men are the winners'. Nevertheless, the theoretical language and assumptions that many scholars bring to the term hegemonic masculinity leave little room for ambiguity, the term being increasingly used as a blanket descriptor of male power (...)."

Whitehead, Stephen M. 2002 - Men and Masculinities. Cambridge/Malden: Polity Press: pp. 92-93.