There are five points around large astronomical objects where you could 'park' a spacecraft.

They're called Lagrange points, and they are locations where the combined gravitational forces of two large bodies (say, the Earth and the sun) equal the centripetal force needed by a much smaller third body (our hypothetical spacecraft), creating an equilibrium.

Not all Lagrange points are stable, however, so you might want to park your spacecraft in L4 and L5 to avoid it falling irreversibly towards the sun. You could still go to L1 through L3, but the spacecraft would need to make tiny adjustments to avoid gravitational doom.

These points offer many benefits for space observation. As asteroids tend to accumulate in Lagrange points, they also make an excellent front-row seat for studying them.

The James Webb Space Telescope is currently at L2.