predpokladam ze toto je ten clanok ktory spomina:
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S107158191830171X

Spatial knowledge impairment after GPS guided navigation: Eye-tracking study in a virtual town
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhcs.2018.04.006


Time spent with a GPS-like map during learning correlates with a travel distance in recall.
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The more users engage with a GPS-like map, the worse spatial representation they acquire.
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The extent of GPS use is a better predictor of travel distance than participant’s cognitive skills.
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Users engage with a navigation aid more, if they are not confident in their own navigation skills.


Abstract

There is a vibrant debate about consequences of mobile devices on our cognitive capabilities. Use of technology guided navigation has been linked with poor spatial knowledge and wayfinding in both virtual and real world experiments. Our goal was to investigate how the attention people pay to the GPS aid influences their navigation performance. We developed navigation tasks in a virtual city environment and during the experiment, we measured participants’ eye movements. We also tested their cognitive traits and interviewed them about their navigation confidence and experience. Our results show that the more time participants spend with the GPS-like map, the less accurate spatial knowledge they manifest and the longer paths they travel without GPS guidance. This poor performance cannot be explained by individual differences in cognitive skills. We also show that the amount of time spent with the GPS is related to participant’s subjective evaluation of their own navigation skills, with less confident navigators using GPS more intensively. We therefore suggest that despite an extensive use of navigation aids may have a detrimental effect on person’s spatial learning, its general use is modulated by a perception of one’s own navigation abilities.