total descendants:: total children::1 |
robím analytickú informačnú štúdiu na tému: Tvorivosť a ochrana duševného vlastníctva v digitálnom prostredí: Creative Commons, Knowledge Commons budem vďačný za každý zásadný zdroj :) pri vyjasňovaní si toho čo vlastne sú Knowledge Commons som sa dostal k Digital Library of the Commons a k textu Hess, Charlotte. 2004. The Knowledge Commons: Theory and Collective Action; or Kollektive Aktionismus?. (agitačný) úryvok: Global Commons In the last ten years particularly we have seen a rapid rise of studies about new types of commons, many of these, global commons: • Atmosphere • Outer space • Antarctica • Deep Oceans • Electromagnetic Spectrum • Genetic code • Knowledge & “Digital Commons” All of these resources have in common that they are traditional public goods (nonrivalrous, low excludability resources)– where new technologies have enabled the capture and privatization of those “free” resources. Unlike enduring natural resource commons, these are new commons have no path dependent rules in place and often no dedicated community to protect and manage them. Focusing on knowledge and digital information, we might ask: What makes knowledge a commons? And, “how do we recognize these new commons?” We recognize them when we see traditional, free, and accessible goods now being competed for and enclosed. Knowledge artifacts, facilities, and ideas in their digital form are rapidly moving away from being public goods to becoming common-pool resources (CPRs) that must be managed – not by the government or private interests, but by us, the people, the true stakeholders of public knowledge. CPRs are resources or goods with high subtractability and low excludability. All of a sudden, in the digital environment, I can take your information and ideas – and you can’t have them. Knowledge is the classic example used by economists for a public good. Now it is becoming less and less public and more and more fragile—through overpatenting, copyright extension, contracts rather than sales, accidental (broken links), arbitrary (publishers’ discontinuation of certain journals indexed in a database) and intentional withdrawal of information (Bush administration), carelessness, underfunded archives, publisher centralization, cyberterrorism, and, perhaps most dangerous: public universities morphing from mission-driven to profit-driven institutions. There are so many threats on the once robust world of knowledge – the cultural heritage of humankind -- we need a whole army of watchdogs to keep track of it all – and we need hordes of public entrepreneurs. |
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